Recently I read some articles about causal interpretations. I was told that the correlation doesn’t imply causation the first time I learned it. Also the Simpson’s paradox show that some confounding factors may destroy the conclusion based on the whole. Maybe when someone wanted to use the cor relationship to do the causal inference, the first problem is the evaluation of the effect of confounding factors.
Here, we must know the confounding factors are not the interaction between the variables. If our goal is to find the causal effect between X and Y, the confounding …