Clinical research studies and healthcare economics studies are frequently concerned with assessing the prognosis for survival in circumstances where patients suffer from a disease that progresses from state to state. Standard survival models only directly model two states: alive and dead. Multi-state models enable directly modeling disease progression where patients are observed to be in various states of health or disease at random intervals, but for which, except for death, the times of entering or leaving states are unknown. Multi-state models easily accommodate <a href=“https://www.ncb …